The Mindanao Muslim Autonomous Region XIV, an autonomous region on the island of Mindanao in the Philippines. It comprises five major Muslim provinces: Basilan (except Isabela), Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao, Sulu, and Tawi-Tawi. The only region that has its holding government. The de facto location of the regional government is Cotabato, although the autonomous city is not within its jurisdiction.
ARMM includes the Shariff Kabunsuan province from 2006 to July 16, 2008. When Shariff Kabunsuan ceased to exist after the Supreme Court of the Philippines announced the “Muslim Mindanao Autonomy Act 201”. He created it, in Sema vs. unconstitutional COMELEC.
On October 7, 2012, President Benigno Aquino III stated that the government intends to achieve peace in the autonomous region. Call it the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region, a complex of Bangsa (country) and Moro. On July 26, 2018, Aquino’s successor, President Rodrigo Duterte, signed the Bangsamoro Organic Law (BOL). Which laid the foundation set up a new autonomous political entity in the region. The (BARMM), Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao.
Cities, Places In Mindanao Muslim Autonomous Region XIV
After the approval of BOL, ARMM canceled and will be replaced by BARMM. After forming the Interim Government Bangsamoro Transitional Authority in the region. The January 21 after the referendum, the law was “approved” on January 25, 2019.
Geography
The Autonomous Region XIV in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) on the mainland of Mindanao in the southern Philippines. Created by Republic Act No. The 6734, confirmed into legislation by President Corazon Aquino on August 1, 1989. Their referendum held on November 17, 1989, in the ARMM region of Maguindanao, Lanao del Sur, Sulu, and Tawi-Tawi.
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The region strengthened and expanded by the approved Republic No. 9054 Act, which amended Act No. 6734 of the Republic. Designated “The Law stipulates ARMM,” amended September 2001, as a separate of ARMM, from Basilan and Marawi.
HISTORY
The history of the Philippines, the region and most of Mindanao are independent territories. It enables to develop own culture and identity. The district has a traditional homeland for Filipino Muslims since the fifteenth century. The Spaniards even who colonized most of the Philippines before the Muslim missionaries in 1565. They arrived in Tawi Tawi in 1380 to begin colonization of the territory. And transforming the indigenous population into Islam. In 1457, it established the Sultanate of Sulu. They established Soon after the Sultanate of Maguindanao and Buayan. While the Philippines under Spanish rule.
These Sultanates maintained their independence and carried out attacks on coastal towns in northern. They rejected Spain’s invasion of its territory to question the Spanish rule of the Philippines. During the last quarter of the nineteenth century that the Sultan of Sulu recognized Spanish sovereignty. But these areas still controlled by the Spaniards something limited. Because of sovereignty in Zamboanga and Cotabato to military radio stations and garrisons and settlements. Civilian settlements had to leave the region because they failed in the Spanish-American war.
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For over 400 years, the Moors have to resist the history of Spain, the United States, and Japan. Moro’s current Muslim leaders believe the violent armed struggle against Japanese, Filipinos, Spaniards, and Americans. A portion of the 4-century “social liberation organization” of the Bangsamoro. The 400-year resistance of the Moorish Muslims to the Japanese, Americans, and Spaniards persists. It becomes their current war of independence for the Filipino countries.
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In 1942, during the early stages of the Second World War in the Pacific War. The Japanese Imperial Army’s army invaded and invaded Mindanao. A Moro’s native Muslims launched a rebellion against the Japanese. Three years later, in 1945, the United Army and the Philippine Federation Army liberated Mindanao. With the help of local guerrillas, defeated the Japanese who occupied the territory.
Precursors
In the 1970s, escalate hostilities between government forces and the Moro National Liberation Front. This led to issuing a declaration by President Ferdinand Marcos to form an autonomous region in the southern Philippines. But, rejected by the referendum. In 1979, Batas Pambansa No. 20 established an autonomous regional government in the western and central parts of Mindanao.
Set Up ARMM
The Muslim Autonomous Region XIV of Mindanao set up the first time on August 1, 1989. It gives Muslim Autonomous Region XIV of Mindanao through the Republic Act 6734 (known as the Organic Law) and the Constitution. The referendum in Basilan, Cotabato, South Davao, North Lanao. In South Lanao, Maguindanao Province, Palawan Island, South Cotabato, Sultan Kudala, Sulu, Tawi – Tawi. The provinces of North Zamboanga and Zamboanga. In Cotabato, Dapitan, Dipolog, General Santos, Coronado, Iligan, Marawi, Pagadian, Puerto Princesa. The city of Zamboanga to decide if residents want to be part of ARMM. Four provinces, South Lanao (except Marawi), Maguindanao, Sulu, and Tawi-they to include Tawi in the new autonomous region xiv.
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ARMM completed in Cotabato on November 6, 1990 [19], it designated which as the temporary capital. They promulgated the Mindanao Muslim Autonomous Bill on September 22, 1995. Try to fix the regional government’s seat in the Parang in Maguindanao province, waiting complete required buildings and infrastructure. But, transferring Parang has never done. Until they take on the Republic’s Law No. 9054, 2001. The regional government ARMM ordered the re-establishment of the new permanent seat of government in the region under its jurisdiction. The city of Cotabato remains the de facto seat of the ARMM government.
2001 ARMM Extension.
On February 7, 2001, US Congress passed a new law, Republic Act No. 9054, expand the territory and powers of ARMM. By amending the original Organic Law (RA No. 6734), voted to approve the amendment. Confirm what others Provinces and cities will join the region. RA 9054 became law on March 31, 2001, without the signature of President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo. A referendum in Basilan Island, Cotabato Province, South Davao, North Lanao, South Lanao. The Maguindanao Province, Palawan Island, Sarangani, South Cotabato, Sultan Kudala, Sulu, Tawi – Tawi, Zamboanga Province. Held August 14th North Zamboanga and Zamboanga del Sur, and Zamboanga Sibugay, and Cotabato. In Dapitan, Dipolog, General Santos, Iligan, Kidapawan, Marawi, Pagadian, Puerto Princesa, Digos, Coronal, Tacurong, and Zamboanga City. In the referendum, most of the four original provinces voted in favor of the amendment; outside these areas, only Marawi and Basilan (excluding Isabella) chose to was in ARMM.
Create and Dissolve Shariff Kabunsuan
The sixth ARMM province, Shariff Kabunsuan, excavated in Maguindanao on October 28, 2006. On July 16, 2008, the Supreme Court of the Philippines canceled set up Shariff Kabunsuan. It declared that Article 19 violated the Constitution 9054. Granted the ARMM District Council the power to create provinces and cities. The Supreme Court held that only Congress has the power to create provinces and cities. Because creating these provinces and cities includes the power to prove a legislative district. Which based on the Philippine Constitution, the exclusive right established by Congress?
Ancestral Field Agreement Memorandum
On July 18, 2008, Hermogenes Esperon, then peace adviser to the then president, Gloria Macapagal Arroyo. Showed in a get together with the insurgents of the Malaysian Moro Islamic Liberation Front. The planned expansion of the city. After negotiating and approved by the Moro Islamic Liberation Front. The agreement will grant ARMM control over 712 added villages in southwestern Mindanao and broader political and economic power.
The large-scale protests greeted the movements of the Philippine. Moro connected Islamic Liberation Front government committees and chose not to join ARMM, 1989 and 2001.
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On August 4, 2008, after local Cotabato officials requested the Supreme Court to prevent the Philippine government from signing. Agree with the Moro Islamic Liberation Front, the court issued a temporary restraining order prohibiting the signing memorandum of agreement. The ancestral field between the Philippine government and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front rebels in Malaysia (MOA-AD). Congressmen submitted petitions to the Supreme Court to prevent the Philippine government from completing MOA-AD for lack of transparency. In fact, the Moro Islamic Liberation Front has not yet cut links to al-Qaeda. The Islamic Jemaah terrorist network, aimed at establishing Islam in Southeast Asia. The country uses the Moro Islamic Liberation Front camp in southwestern Mindanao as a training camp and attack preparation point.
On October 14, 2008, the Supreme Court of the Philippines passed the ancestral field of the Tripoli Peace Agreement (MOA-AD). Which violated the law and the Constitution, by 8 votes to 7. Between the Philippines in 2001. Government and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front. The 89-page decision, written by Deputy Attorney General Conchita Carpio Morales, ruled. “The presidential adviser to the peace method abused discretion when it did not follow the relevant consultation scheme. EO No. 3., RA 7160 and RA 8371. The sneaky scheme of designing and developing MOA-AD violates authority and makes up capricious, oppressive, arbitrary and authoritarian behavior. It illustrates active evasion of active responsibility and refused to fulfill the oblige of collection.”
Bangsamoro State
Because of the challenge of the former government to set up the Bangsamoro entity. Then Davao City Mayor Rodrigo Duterte announced his intention to set up a federal government form. To replace a single form of government his campaign speech the 2016 Philippine winner of the presidential election. In its plan, besides the cities of Isabella and Cotabato. The ARMM and the field of voting for ARMM in 2001 will become part of the federal state. An ally Aquilino Pimentel advocated the federal scheme Duterte said in an interview. Isabella City, Basilan, Lamitan, Sulu and Tawi – Tawi can become a federal state. While South Lanao, Marawi, Cotabato City, Maguindanao can become a single state. The federal state has a different heritage of the Muslim Mindanao mainland because of the Muslim Sulu Islands.
Bangsa Sug and Bangsa Moro
In 2018, represent every ethnic group from the Sultan in the Sulu Islands began in Zamboanga City. Announcing that they were the people of Bangsa Sug. It separates them from the Bangsa Moro people from the mainland centre of Mindanao. They cite the complete differences between culture and customary lifestyles. The main reason for their separation from Muslims in the Central Mindanao. They called on the government to set up an independent Filipino country called Bangsa Sug on the mainland of Bangsamoro. Or to include the Sulu Islands in any state on the Zamboanga Peninsula. If the next Philippines approved by the federal scheme.
Administrative Division
The Muslim Autonomous Region xiv of Mindanao comprises two constituent cities, 116 municipalities and 2,490 towns. The cities of Isabella and Cotabato are not within the administrative jurisdiction of ARMM. Although the former is part of Basilan, which considered but not part of the political Maguindanao province.
Province
Basilan
Lanao del Sur
Maguindanao
Sulu
|
Capital
Lamitan
Marawi
Buluan
Jolo
|
ARMM Organizational Structures
Executive
The region headed by a regional governor. Their regional governor and the regional deputy governor elected as local executives. The Regional Decree established by the District Council and comprises members of the Assembly and elected. According to Congressional legislation, it holds regional elections one year after the general elections (national and local). Regional officials appointed for a three-year term and may extend through the Congressional Act.
The Regional Governor is the CEO of the Regional Government and assisted by a cabinet of only 10 members. Senior officials are to appoint cabinet members, this to confirmation by the regional legislative assembly. Control every regional executive committee, agencies, committees, offices, and offices.
Executive Meeting
Governor of the Muslim Autonomous Region XIV of Mindanao
The Executive Committee advises the regional governor on the government affairs of the autonomous region. It comprises the regional governor, a regional deputy governor. Three regional deputy governors (each representing a Christian, Muslim, and indigenous cultural communal). They appoint the Regional Director and the Regional Vice-Governor. Term of three years with only three-year terms highest. The term of the Representative is consistent with the term of the Regional Director who designates them.
Legislation
ARMM has a one-chamber regional legislative assembly led by the president. It comprises three members from each congressional district. The number of members who canceled ARMM was 24, of which 6 were from Lanao del Sur, including Marawi City. Six were from Maguindanao, 6 were from Sulu, 3 were from Basilan, and 3 were from Tawi-Tawi.
The local legislative assembly is the parliamentary division of the ARMM government. Official members (3 members/regions) and departmental representatives appointed for a term of three years; for a greatest of three consecutive semesters. He exercises legislative power in the autonomous region, except for diplomacy. The national defense and national security, postal, monetary and monetary policies. Justice, quarantine, tariff and customs, citizenship, naturalization, immigration, and deportation. General audit, national elections, shipping, land and air transport, communications, patents, trademarks, trade names, and copyrights. The foreign trade, and legislation on matters covered by Islamic law, laws governing Muslims.
The Power and Basic Principles of ARMM.
RA 9054 states that ARMM “is still an integral part of the territory of the Republic”. The President has supervised the regional governor. According to the constitutional provisions and RA 9054. Local governments may create their own sources of income and collect taxes, fees, and charges. Islamic law applies only to Muslims; its scope of application limited by the relevant constitutional provisions (prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment).
Region XIV:Cultural Heritage
People in the Bangsamoro region, including Muslims and non-Muslims, have a culture that revolves around Kulintang music. Special music found in Muslim and non-Muslim groups in the southern Philippines. Each ethnic group of ARMM has its own unique architecture, intangible heritage and crafts. A good example of the region’s original architectural style is the Royal Sulu Building. Which used to make Daru Jambangan (Flower Palace) in Sulu Maimbung. Because of the typhoon of 1932, the palace destroyed during the American period and has never rebuilt. It used to be the largest palace in the Philippines. It has carried a faithful restoration of interest in Maimbung town out since 1933. A tiny replica of a palace was in a small town near the 2010s. But it pointed out that the copy does not mean that the campaign to rebuild the palace Maimbung has stopped. The copy the product does not say the true essence of the Sulu Palace. In 2013, the remaining members of the Sulu royal family designated Maimbung as the royal capital of Sultanate of Sulu.
Photo by georgeparrilla
